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HelpTest ID: CACR2 Calcium, Random, Urine
Reporting Name
Calcium, Random, UUseful For
Evaluation of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate kidney stone risk in a random urine collection
Calculation of urinary supersaturation
Evaluation of bone diseases, including osteoporosis and osteomalacia
Clinical Information
Calcium is the fifth most common element in the body. It is a fundamental element necessary to form electrical gradients across membranes, an essential cofactor for many enzymes, and the main constituent in bone. Under normal physiologic conditions, the concentration of calcium in serum and in cells is tightly controlled. Calcium is excreted in both urine and feces. Ordinarily about 20% to 25% of dietary calcium is absorbed, and 98% of filtered calcium is reabsorbed in the kidney. Traffic of calcium between the gastrointestinal tract, bone, and kidney is tightly controlled by a complex regulatory system that includes vitamin D and parathyroid hormone. Sufficient bioavailable calcium is essential for bone health. Excessive excretion of calcium in the urine is a common contributor to kidney stone risk.
Interpretation
Increased urinary calcium excretion (hypercalciuria) is a known contributor to kidney stone disease and osteoporosis.
Many cases are genetic (often termed idiopathic). Previously such patients were often divided into fasting versus absorptive hypercalciuria depending on the level of urine calcium in a fasting versus fed state, but the clinical utility of this approach is now in question. Overall, the risk of stone disease appears increased when 24-hour urine calcium is greater than 250 mg in men and greater than 200 mg in women. Thiazide diuretics are often used to reduce urinary calcium excretion, and repeat urine collections can be performed to monitor the effectiveness of therapy.
Known secondary causes of hypercalciuria include hyperparathyroidism, Paget disease, prolonged immobilization, vitamin D intoxication, and diseases that destroy bone (such as metastatic cancer or multiple myeloma).
Urine calcium excretion can be used to gauge the adequacy of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, for example in states of gastrointestinal fat malabsorption that are associated with decreased bone mineralization (osteomalacia).
Report Available
2 to 5 daysDay(s) Performed
Monday through Friday
Clinical Reference
1. Fraser WD: Bone and mineral metabolism. In: Rifai N, Horwath AR, Wittwer CT, eds. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2018:1438
2. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ: Twenty-four-hour urine chemistries and the risk of kidney stones among women and men. Kidney Int. 2001;59:2290-2298
3. Metz MP: Determining urinary calcium/creatinine cut-offs for the pediatric population using published data. Ann Clin Biochem. 2006;43:398-401
4. Pak CY, Britton F, Peterson R, et al: Ambulatory evaluation of nephrolithiasis. Classification, clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria. AM J Med. 1980;69:19-30
5. Pak CY, Kaplan R, Bone H, et al: A simple test for the diagnosis of absorptive, resorptive and renal hypercalciurias. N Engl J Med. 1975;292:497-500
Method Name
Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see SSATR / Supersaturation Profile, Random, Urine.
Photometric
Specimen Type
UrineSpecimen Required
Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see SSATR / Supersaturation Profile, Random, Urine.
Specimen Minimum Volume
1 mL
Specimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urine | Refrigerated (preferred) | 14 days | |
| Frozen | 30 days | ||
| Ambient | 72 hours |
Reference Values
Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see SSATR / Supersaturation Profile, Pediatric, Random, Urine.
1 month-<12 months: 0.03-0.81 mg/mg creat
12 months-<24 months: 0.03-0.56 mg/mg creat
24 months-<3 years: 0.02-0.50 mg/mg creat
3 years-<5 years: 0.02-0.41 mg/mg creat
5 years-<7 years: 0.01-0.30 mg/mg creat
7 years-<10 years: 0.01-0.25 mg/mg creat
10 years-<18 years: 0.01-0.24 mg/mg creat
18 years-83 years: 0.05-0.27 mg/mg creat
Reference values have not been established for patients who are less than 1 month of age.
Reference values have not been established for patients who are greater than 83 years of age.
Test Classification
This test has been cleared, approved, or is exempt by the US Food and Drug Administration and is used per manufacturer's instructions. Performance characteristics were verified by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements.CPT Code Information
82310
LOINC Code Information
| Test ID | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| CACR2 | Calcium, Random, U | 17862-4 |
| Result ID | Test Result Name | Result LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| CALC4 | Calcium, Random, U | 17862-4 |
| CACTR | Calcium/Creatinine Ratio | 9321-1 |
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